极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 435-451.DOI: 10. 13679/j.jdyj.20200010

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

1947—2020年西南极派恩岛冰川前缘变化特征分析

钱懿德1,2  周春霞1,2  陈一鸣1,2  曾韬3  刘建强3   

  1. 1.武汉大学中国南极测绘研究中心, 湖北 武汉 430079;
    2.自然资源部极地测绘科学重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430079;
    3.国家卫星海洋应用中心, 北京100081
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-04 修回日期:2020-05-16 出版日期:2020-12-30 发布日期:2020-12-24
  • 通讯作者: 周春霞
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41776200, 41531069, 41941010)资助

Monitoring ice front changes of the Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, during 1947–2020

Chien Yide1,2, Zhou Chunxia1,2, Chen Yiming1,2, Zeng Tao3, Liu Jianqiang3   

  1. 1.Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;
    2.Key Laboratory of Polar Surveying and Mapping, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan 430079, China;
    3.National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2020-03-04 Revised:2020-05-16 Online:2020-12-30 Published:2020-12-24

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摘要：

位于西南极的派恩岛冰川(Pine Island Glacier, PIG)是近年来崩解频繁且前缘变化明显的区域。基于Landsat系列卫星和海洋一号C卫星光学影像、ERS-1和RADARSAT卫星SAR影像及航空影像, 利用前缘位置识别和开口盒方法, 分析1947—2020年PIG的前缘变化特征。PIG在近73年至少发生过17次规律性的大规模崩解事件, 其崩解周期在1995—2013年间约为6年, 2013年至今约为1~2年; 由开口盒法计算得到的冰川前缘附近的流速在近73年间呈现上升趋势。结合PIG在1947—2020年间崩解事件的相关研究, 总结出厄尔尼诺现象、冰架底部的绕极深层水暖化、底部融化率增加、底部裂隙的发育、冰水混合物的消退以及冰架与海脊间歇接触产生的背应力等是导致PIG发生崩解的可能驱动因子。

关键词: 派恩岛冰川 , 前缘位置变化 , 崩解 , 开口盒法

Abstract:

The Pine Island Glacier (PIG), West Antarctica, has been an area of frequent calving and frontal changes in recent years. We present a comprehensive history of ice front changes of the PIG during 1947–2020 derived from optical satellites (Landsat and HY-1C), Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) (ERS-1 and RADARSAT), and aerial images. The open-ended box method was also adopted in this study. There were at least 17 large calving events at the PIG in the past 73 years. The calving cycle was approximately 6 years during 1995–2013 and about 1~2 years from 2013 to the present. The velocity near the calving front calculated by the open-box method increased over the past 73 years. Based on our results combined with studies of calving events between 1947 and 2020, we concluded that El Niño, Circumpolar Deep Water, basal melt rates, basal crevasses, ice mélange, and back stress caused by intermittent contact between the ice shelf and the ridge were possible factors resulting in ice shelf calving events.